Thaddeus hyatt



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

T. HYATT. ILLUMINATING GRATING AND BUILDINGS LIGHTED THEREBY. 'No. 257,822. Patented May 9, 1882.

@ j fifjjiQ ESSES IJV'YVEJVTOR I N PETERS, Phc O-Lilhognphzn Washinglon. D, c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

T. HYATT.

ILLUMINATING GRATING AND BUILDINGS LIGHTED THERBBY. No. 257,822. Patented May 9, 1882.

T ESSES IN V'EJV TOR (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' T. HYATT.

ILLUMINATING GRATING AND. BUILDINGS LIGHTED THEREBY No. 257 18 ,822. Patented May 9 fleeting-surface prism-glass made with but one UNITED STATES THADDEUS HYATT, OF NEW? YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 'IO ELIZABETH A. L.

PATENT OFFICE.

HYATT, OF SAME PLACE.

ILLUMINATING-GRATING AND BUILDING LlGHTED THEREBY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,822, dated May 9, 1882,

Application filed April 19, 1832. (No model.)

To all whom tt may concern:

Be it known that I, THADDEUS HYATT, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Illuminatirig-Gratings and Buildings Lighted thereby, of which the following is a specification.

In the drawings attached hereto and making part of this specification like letters refer to like parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 represents a prism-glass as ordinarily made for vessels decks. A is the glass; (1, the top surface; b, one slope of the prism; I), the other slope; B, the end or perpendicular side of the prism.

Fig. 2 represents a cluster-lens prism-glass c c are the lenses.

Fig. 3 represents a metallic grating set with cluster-lens prism glasses. 0 ,is the metallic grating; l .9, long sides of the grating.

Fig. 4 represents a cluster-lens prism-glass with enlarged reflectingprism-surfaces. 7 11' are the enlarged surfaces.

Fig. 5 represents a clusterlens enlarged recluster-lens prism-glasses made with enlarged: reflecting prism-surfaces. D is the basement; E, basement-extension; F, illuminating stoop or area covering; f .9, front or street face of the building.

Fig. 9 represents the rear wall of abuilding above the ground-floor or principal story, the rear wall of the extension, and the opening between the two walls for admitting light into the room. G is the rear wall above the room;

H, the rear wall of the extension; I, thelightopening between the walls; J the room lighted.

Fig. 10 represents a ground-floor orprincipal storylighted by a curved illuminating-grating roof set with prism-glasses. K is the curved u roof.

Fig. 11 represents aground-floor or principal story lighted by a ventilating step-roofformed ofmetallic gratings set with lens prismglasses. L is the step-roof; 2:, ventilating-flaps set with glass.

The object of my invention is to reflect daylight into the basement and principal story of a building without the necessity of employing daylight-reflectors.

My improvements are based upon a form of glass represented by Fig. 1, where the whole of the reflecting-power of the prism is confined to two sloping flat reflecting-faces, indicated by the letters I) and b, the ends B of the glass being perpendicular, and consequently non-refleeting.

The glass upon which my improvements are based is known to ship-builders as the prism deck-light. Myimprovements upon this glass to adapt it to the purposes of lighting buildings are as follows, viz: first, forming the weather-face of the glass with a cluster of lenses, represented by c c, Fig. 2, the effect of the lenses being to enlarge thelight-receiving surface of the glass; second, in combination with the lens enlarged receivingsurface, an

enlarged distributing-surt'ace, as represented f by b and b in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, to compensate for the increased volume of received light due to the lenses; and, third, a lens prismglass formed with but one reflectingslope, as represented by Fi 5, where d is a perpendicular non-retlecting face similar to the ends B. These glasses I call combination lens and prism-glasses.

My improvement in combining lens prismglasses with metallic gratings as an illuminating building material consists in setting the lens prism-glasses in the grating with the reflecting-slopes of the prisms in line with the longsi'des ofthe grating, as represented in Fig. 3; and my improvements in the'method of illuminating buildings consist in constructing the illuminating rear extension-roofs and front area-coverin gs thereof with illuminatinggratings made in manner as represented by Fig. 3, and combining the same with the buildings by laying the long-sides of the illuminatinggratings parallel to the face or front wall of the building when for an area-covering, as

represented in Fig. 8, and parallel to the rear wall of the building when for a rear-extension roof, as represented in Fig.1], this method of combining the prism-glasses with the gratings, in combination with the method of combining such gratings with the buildings, causing the reflecting-slopes of all the glasses to act as daylightreflectors for the purpose of throwing light into the building in the directions required.

H, Fig. 9, represents the rear wall of a groundfloor or principal story of a building, and G represents the rear wall of the building above the ground-floor. The wall H is represented as would be required in the making of flat roofs; but in practice this form of roof is avoided in rear extensions, because of the loss of angular light such a mode of construction would entail, as is made evident, by the mass of rays cut off by the portion of the wall H between N and M. Illuniinatingrear-extension roofs are therefore, as a general thing, constructed on the principle of a lean-to, but made in curved form, as represented by Fig. but the form of the prism-glass is not adapted to roofs of the lean-to type, especially curred roofs. This point I have illustrated by representing the curved roof'as set with prism-glasses, the effect of which,wherethelight-raysfallupon the glasses in the lower portion of the roof, is to reflect the light out of doors, as represented in the figure, where the ray 1 is reflected hack on the line 8 and the ray t is reflected back on the line a. The form of the prismglass requires that the plane ot'the roof where such glasses are employed should be practically horizontal; but zro-ahe conditions connected with rear-extension roofs require them to be in effect lean-to constructions, and a lean-to cannot be a horizontal root.

glasses totheconstruction of illuminating rearextension roofs consists in making the roof in the step form, as represented in Fig.11, where mm represent the illuminating-treads and e v the risers, one or more or all of them being arranged to open, as represented by c. The treads are all slightly inclined, as shown, in order that the light-rays reflected from the prism of one glass may not be interfered with by the projection of a glass in front of it. The etfect of this inclination of the treads l have illustrated by the light-rays n o p q, each passing clear of the glass in front of it.

The mode hereinahove described of constructing illuminating step-roofs for the rear My invention to adapt the use of prism extensions of the ground'tloors of buildings applies equally, with proper modifications, to the construction of illuminating step-roofs for the front entrances to buildings.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Illuminated basements, illuminated basenien t-extensions, and illuminated ground-floors of buildings lighted by metallic gratings set with prism-glasses, when the same are formed with either single or cluster lenses upon the weather-face thereof, the glasses being so set in the gratings and the gratings so combined with the parts of the building to be lighted as that the reflecting-slopes of the prisms shall lie parallel with the front and rear walls of the building,substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

2. Combination lens and prism-glasses, where the prism portion of the glass is formed of two non reflecting or perpendicular ends and two sloping opposing sides, the internal faces of whichreceive and distribute the light of the lenses, and combining the same with metallic gratings, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

3. Combination lens and prism-glasses, where the prism portion of the glass is formed of two non-reflecting or perpendicular ends and two sides, one of which is perpendicular, or nearly so, and the other a slope, the internal face of which receives and distributes the light of the lenses, and combining the same with metallic gratings, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

4C. Gombinationlens and prism-glasses, where the area of the internal reflecting face or faces of the prism is enlarged, and combining the same with metallic gratings, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

5. An illuminating rearextension roof constructed in the form of steps, made of illuminating treads and risers, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

6. Illuminating-steps and step-root's formed of metallic gratings set with combination lens and prism-glasses, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

7. Illuminatingarea-coverings formed of metallic gratings set with combination lens and prism-glasses, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

In testimony whereof I hereto affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses. I

THADDEUS HYATT.

Witnesses:

T. U. Bauer-1'1, LLOYD F. KELEIIER. 

